Morocco: good returns, promising economy

Morocco is unusual among Arab North African countries in enjoying relative political calm. There’s been economic growth, falling unemployment, and a large pro-poor housing programme, and the government of King Mohammed VI has democratised, though with a recent tendency to take back power into its own hands. There are significant problems of corruption stretching from the enormously rich royal family downwards, but that is hardly unique in the region.

From a landlord’s perspective the returns on property investment – the rental yield earned – are good.  And over the last year there´s been a strong surge in domestic residential demand, reflecting the growing economy.  Yet local residential property prices have been static, and the price of riads, the traditional dwellings foreigners like to buy, has been falling. Which raises the question: How much longer can property prices lag behind the good news?

Morocco’s economy expanded by a healthy 3.2% in 2018, after growing 4.1% in 2017, 1.1% in 2016, 4.6% in 2015 and 2.7% in 2014, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The economy is expected to grow by 3.2% this year, and by another 3.8% in 2020.

Yet during 2018 the nationwide residential real estate price index (REPI) increased by only 0.8%, following zero growth a year earlier, according to Morocco´s central bank Bank Al-Maghrib

By property type:

  • House prices rose by a meagre 0.8% in 2018.
  • Apartment prices rose by 0.6% y-o-y in 2018.
  • Villa prices rose by 5.9% y-o-y in 2018, after falling last year by 2.6%.

REAL ESTATE PRICE INDEX (REPI), Q4 2018

Property type Annual change (%) Quarterly change (%)
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL 0.8 0.0
Apartments 0.6 0.1
Houses 0.8 -1.2
Villas 5.9 1.5
Source: Bank Al-Maghrib

During 2018:

  • In Rabat average property prices rose by 3.7%. 
  • In Casablanca property prices increased 1.5%
  • In Marrakesh property prices fell 5.5%.
  • In Tangier property prices rose 1.7%.
  • Urban land prices fell by 2.4% in 2018, after rising by 1.8% in 2017 and 6% in 2016.

Things were very different during the previous decade, when the property market surged on the back of high-GDP growth years such as 2001 (GDP growth of 7.3%), 2003 (6%), 2006 (7.6%), 2008 (5.9%) and 2011 (5.2%).

There are no restrictions on foreigners’ owning land in Morocco, except for areas designated for agricultural purposes. The Dirham, Morocco´s currency, is relatively stable.

Morocco’s riads

The housing market slowdown has also been reflected in riad prices. Based on Global Property Guide research, riad prices in Marrakech have fallen in recent years to around US$2,400 per sq. m., as compared to the US$3,000 or sometimes up to US$4,000 per sq. m. in mid-2009. Riads now cost between US$200,000 to US$1 million, depending on size. A 500 sq m. riad, which might then have sold for the equivalent of US$1.5 million, would now fetch US$1.2 million. Older riads are offered in the market for US$200,000 or even less.

Riads are traditionally-shaped Moroccan houses, with grand salons giving onto a central tiled courtyard, often with a garden at the center. Previously, the majority of riad buyers were French. However, other foreigners such as Belgians, Britons, Italians, Americans, and a few Australians joined the market, till the Riad market finally over-reached itself.

Demand is rising strongly

This period of relative price stagnation may end soon, because demand is rising. Residential transactions rose strongly by 16% in Q4 2018 from a year earlier, according to Bank Al-Maghrib. Quarter-on-quarter, residential sales transactions increased 9.1% during the latest quarter.

By property type:

  • Apartment sales rose by 14.6% y-o-y in Q4 2018. During the latest quarter, the number of apartments sold increased 8.1%.
  • House sales surged 30.7% in Q4 2018 from a year ago. Home sales increased 17.1% q-o-q during the latest quarter.
  • Villa sales rose by 39.7% in 2018. Villa sales climbed 32% q-o-q in Q4 2018.

On the other hand, urban land transactions fell slightly by 0.7% in Q4 2018 from a year earlier but increased 15.7% from the previous quarter.

RESIDENTIAL TRANSACTIONS, Q4 2018

Property type Annual change (%) Quarterly change (%)
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL 16.0 9.1
Apartments 14.6 8.1
Houses 30.7 17.1
Villas 39.7 32.0
Source: Bank Al-Maghrib

Attractive rental yields

Gross rental yields in Morocco remain attractive based on Global Property Guide research.

In Marrakech, apartments have rental yields of between 6.5% and 7%.

Morocoo bank policy rate

In Casablanca, rental yields of apartments range from 5.5% to 6.5%. Houses in Casablanca (between 450 to 1,000 sq. m.) have lower gross rental yields, ranging from 3.7% to 4.1%.

However, round trip transaction costs - i.e., the total costs of buying and then re-selling a property - are significant in Morocco, at 12.50% - 17%, mainly due to registration fees and stamp duties.

Interest rates remain low

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the average interest rate for real estate loans in Morocco stood at 5.42%, unchanged from the same period last year, according to the Bank Al-Maghrib. The average interest rate has not shifted dramatically during the past decade, but has fallen by around 1%.

Morocco housing loans interest rates

In March 2016, the Bank Al-Maghrib cut its key rate by 25 basis points to 2.25%, the lowest rate since 2000. It was kept unchanged since.

Mortgage market shrinking gradually

Morocco has the most advanced and diverse mortgage market in the region, according to the Center for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa (CAHF). There are a wide range of sources for mortgage lending, including private commercial banks, public banks, consumer credit companies, and microfinance companies. The typical term period is 20 years, and the loan-to-value ratio can reach 100% of the property’s appraised value.

Morocco real estate loans

Morocco’s mortgage market expanded rapidly from just 6.9% in 2001 to 26% in 2012, mainly due to a surge in Morocco´s GDP growth during 2002-2008, causing housing demand to rise rapidly. Since then GDP growth has been somewhat slower, and in 2018 the mortgage market was 24% of GDP.

Morocco real estate loans outstanding

Partnerships between the government and banks make lending more accessible to middle- and low-income families, through the establishment of mortgage guarantee funds such as FOGARIM and FOGALOGE (discussed below).

In January 2019:

  • Housing loans outstanding rose 5.8% y-o-y to MAD 207.77 billion (US$21.68 billion)
  • Property loans to developers fell 6.1% y-o-y to MAD 55.32 billion (US$5.77 billion)

Shortage of affordable housing

Despite a significant reduction in poverty in recent years, about 20% of the country´s population (or 6.4 million Moroccans) struggles to afford decent housing. In contrast, the high-end market is well-supplied.  Morocco is a highly unequal country, and around 820,000 units are either vacant or used as vacation or secondary homes.

The government has implemented numerous housing projects over the past decade, including social housing initiatives and the mobilization of thousands of hectares of land, giving developers incentives to invest in social housing projects, and getting them to commit to build 900,ooo units by 2020. Social housing sales are VAT exempt (for areas between 50 sq. m. and 80 sq. m.), and prices are capped at MAD250,00 (US$26,045).  Middle-income housing costs are capped at MAD6,000 (US$625) per square metre (sq. m.) for units ranging from 80 sq. m to 120 sq. m.  Lending for middle- and low-income families is accessible through partnerships between the government and banks:

  • The FOGARIM mortgage guarantee fund guarantees 70% of a mortgage loan made to a household with an informal income, to buy a housing unit worth less than MAD250,000 (US$26,045), helping about 1,200 new beneficiaries every month.
  • Another guarantee program, FOGALOGE, guarantees loans to middle-class independent workers, moderate income civil servants, and non-resident Moroccans purchasing or building houses up to about MAD1 million (US$104,180) in value.

Morocco´s housing deficit has fallen from 1.2 million in 2002 to 400,000 units last year. To further improve the situation, the government plans to build 800,000 low-cost housing units by 2022.

Government: significant reforms, but significant corruption too.

Like other Middle Eastern countries, Morocco has experienced social and political unrest. But unlike other countries, Morocco´s political achievements, as well as the authorities´ responsiveness, have reduced the scale of the unrest.

Morocco gdp inflation

It has certainly helped that Morocco has not experienced a single period of economic contraction during the entire period since 1997, causing unemployment to decline from 15.4% in 1997, to 9.5% in 2018.

The country´s relative stability can partly be attributed to King Mohammed VI´s economic and constitutional reforms:

  • New civil rights including social equality for women, and constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression;
  • Berber made an official language, alongside Arabic;
  • The Arab-Hassani Language and Morocco´s other linguistic components are preserved as part of the national heritage;
  • Additional powers to the office of the prime minister, who the King must appoint from the winning party in parliamentary elections;
  • Parliament now has the power to grant amnesty;
  • Independence of the judiciary;
  • The King, however, remains commander-in-chief, holding complete control over the armed forces. He is also the chair of the Council of Ministers and the Supreme Security Council, and the highest religious authority in the country.

Yet despite positive achievements under King Mohammed VI, corruption remains very prevalent, reaching the palace itself. Royal involvement in business is a major topic in Morocco, unsurprisingly as the King is the Kingdom´s leading businessman and banker, and the royal family has one of the world´s largest fortunes. Decisions on big investments in the Kingdom are taken by only three people: the King, his secretary Mounir Majidi, and the monarch´s close friend, adviser and former classmate Fouad Ali Himma. Corruption originating in the royal palace especially affects the housing sector, as Wikileaks documents released in 2010 showed.

Budget deficit falling gradually

To dampen popular protests at the time of the Arab spring, the King went on a spending spree in 2011, raising public sector wages and pensions, as well as subsidies. The budget deficit widened to 6.7% of GDP in 2011, up from 4.4% in 2010, according to the African Development Bank - a dramatic contrast to previous surpluses. The budget deficit rose further to 7.4% of GDP in 2012.

Morocco government net lending

Morocco´s budget deficit has since been reduced to 3.5% of GDP in 2018.

Inflation has however accelerated to 2.4% in 2018, up from an average of 1.5% during 1999-2017. Privatization and improving governance of public companies will help the country generate about MAD 8 billion (US$833.73 million) revenues this year.

Tourism is growing strongly

Tourism is Morocco’s second largest economic sector, accounting for around 8% of GDP in 2018. Tourism’s share to GDP increases to about 15% when indirect contributions are considered. In addition, the tourism sector employs more than 2.5 million people (both direct and indirect) – representing almost 25% of the total labor force.

In 2018, the total number of tourist arrivals rose by 8.2% to 12.28 million from a year earlier, after growing by 9.8% in 2017 and 1.5% in 2016, according to the Ministry of Economy and Finance.

Morocco tourism

France accounted for about one-third of the total number of tourists in Morocco, followed by Spain, Arab countries, Germany, Italy and the United States. In addition, Chinese tourists are also increasing rapidly in the past three years after the relaxation of visa requirements. Chinese travellers to Morocco increased from just 10,000 in 2015 to nearly 180,000 in 2018.

To boost tourism further, the government is increasing air flights into the country, building new airports in cities such as Fez and Agadir, and promoting Morocco as a leading tourist destination online.

As a result, an increasing number of airlines are adding flights to Morocco. Low-cost airline Transavia France is adding seasonal flights between Lyon and Casablanca in July, having already connected Marrakech, Agadir and Oujda to Lyon. Royal Air Maroc (RAM) is launching direct flights between Boston and Casablanca, and RAM´s partner S7 Airlines is launching flights from Moscow to Casablanca.

Morocco opened the US$2.4 billion Tangier – Casablanca high-speed rail line in November 2018, which lessens travel time between Tangier and Casablanca to two hours and 10 minutes instead of the previous five-hour train ride.

The attraction centres of Morocco

The cultural and physical attractions of Morocco centre on its traditional cities as Marrakech, Fes, Meknes, Casablanca, and Essaouira and on its one coastal resort, Agadir.

Marrakech

Marrakech was built in 1070 A.D. It is famous for its palaces, open markets, and gardens. It is an extraordinarily exotic city, with its drama heightened by a location at the foot of the Atlas Mountains.

Marrakech has a complete tourism zone, Aguedal. A public transport system carries tourists from the district into the city centre for its souks and traditional markets selling copperware, wool merchandise, and carpets and kaftans. There are no less than 27 5-star hotels in Marrakech.

Marrakech is also considered as the country´s best and largest golf destination, with more than 10 different golf courses designed by famous names like Robert Trent Jones, Kyle Philips, Jack Nicklaus and Colin Montgomerie, among others.

Recently, the Iberian Association for Business Trips (IBTA) has ranked Marrakech as the world’s top Meetings, Incentives, Conference, and Exhibition (MICE) destination in 2018. Moreover, the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) has also named Marrakech as the sec0nd most tourism-dependent city in the world last year.

Fes

For over 400 years, Fes was the capital of Morocco. Founded in 789 A.D, it is the world´s oldest medieval city, and the largest. Considered Morocco´s intellectual and religious capital, it is a UNESCO world heritage site.

It was at the peak in the 14th century, and saw a fresh burst of glory in the 17th century. Narrow streets prevent the entry of cars into much of the city.

Casablanca

Here the French built a city in a French idiom, heavily influenced by the architecture of the Arab-Andalusian Empire. The city centre has a modernist grandeur, with plenty of space and light. Casablanca is large, modern, and agreeable, with at least ten golf courses less than an hour away.

Meknes

Meknes was recognized as a World Heritage Site in 1996. Its physical location, on a plateau, made it Morocco’s trade crossroads. Its magnificent architecture was built by the 17th century Ruler, Sultan Moulay Ismail. Over 55 years he built palaces, mosques, gardens, and lakes. At his death the unfinished buildings including the royal palace - the Versailles of Morocco - which fills most of the old city.

Agadir

Agadir is Morocco’s main seaside destination. Beautiful beaches, luxurious hotels, an ultra-modern airport are all combined with a moderate climate. Agadir´s beach is spectacular. 10 kilometres in length, it is clean and wide. Agadir enjoys a continuous breeze from the Atlantic, so that the temperature is pleasant all day.

A major earthquake completely destroyed the city in 1960. It was rebuilt from scratch. Agadir today is a modern city.

Tangier

Tangier has a louche reputation dating from the 1920s, when it was an outpost for British paederasts. Then in the 1950s, beats, dropouts and writers like Burroughs and Bowles, Ginsberg and Kerouac, Leary and Eldridge Cleaver came to Tangier. It is a messy, rather ugly city. Now its coastline is being covered with resorts and new developments.

Essaouira

Essaouira is popular with independent travelers. This is partly because of its long beach, and partly because of its laid-back atmosphere. The town has long been magnet for Moroccan poets and creative talent. In the Place de Lâ Indpendence, which is the main square in the centre of Essaouira, there are dozens of cafes and restaurants. It is a pleasant place to eat, drink, and watch the world go by.

Plan Azur continues

Plan Azur, the much-delayed bundle of tourism expansion projects launched in 2001, continues under Vision 2020, focusing on 6 seaside resorts: Mazagan Beach Resort (in El Jadida province), Mediterrania Saidia (in Berkane province), Mogador (in Essaouira province), White Beach (in Guelmim province), Port Lixus (in Larache province), and Taghazout-Argana (in Agadir province).

The work on the Mediterrania Saidia resort and Mazagan Beach Resort was completed in 2009. Mogador Essaouira resort opened in late 2011, while Port Lixus opened in 2012. Plan Azur Extension adds three more resorts: Chbika, Ouarzazate Lake City, and Dakhla.

Other programs launched under the Vision 2020 include a sustainable development plan (ecotourism), a cultural heritage programme, more developed leisure and health activities, and business tourism.


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